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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e19548, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1384013

ABSTRACT

Abstract The administration of medications on the skin through transcutaneous routes is a practice that has been used by mankind for millennia. Some studies have been reporting the use of terpenes and natural oils rich in terpenes as an enhancer of cutaneous penetration. Copaiba oil, due to its rich content of terpenes, presents itself as a great choice of penetration enhancer for drugs administered on the skin. In this study, we developed two cream formulations containing 5% of ibuprofen (IBU) and copaiba oil: IBCO5 and IBCO10 with 5% and 10% of copaiba oil respectively. Ex vivo cutaneous penetration/permeation studies of IBU were performed using pig ear skin as biological membrane in the Franz-type diffusion cells. The steady-state flux of IBU samples, IBCO5 (35.72 ± 6.35) and IBCO10 (29.78 ± 2.41) were significantly higher when compared with control without copaiba oil (10.32 ±1.52) and with a commercial product (14.44 ± 2.39). In the penetration analysis, the amount of IBU found in the samples IBCO5 and IBCO10 was markedly higher in the dermis than epidermis. Our results showed that copaiba oil possesses attracting properties in promoting skin penetration and permeation of IBU when added into cream formulations.


Subject(s)
Skin , Plant Extracts/analysis , Ibuprofen/analysis , Fabaceae/adverse effects , Terpenes/adverse effects , Oils/analysis , Pharmaceutical Preparations/classification
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 117(6): 1106-1112, dez. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350055

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento Até o presente momento, os efeitos sistêmicos do óleo de copaíba jamais foram documentados no Cor pulmonale induzido por monocrotalina. Objetivos Investigar os efeitos do óleo de copaíba nos marcadores periféricos de stress oxidativo em ratos com Cor pulmonale. Métodos Ratos Wistar machos (170±20g, n=7/grupo) foram divididos em quatro grupos: controle (CO), monocrotalina (MCT), óleo de copaíba (O), e monocrotalina + óleo de copaíba (MCT-O). Foi administrada a MCT (60 mg/kg i.p.) e, depois de uma semana, foi iniciado o tratamento com óleo de copaíba (400 mg/kg/day-gavagem-14 dias). Foi realizado o ecocardiograma e, depois disso, foi coletado sangue do tronco para a realização de avaliações de stress oxidativo. Análise estatística: ANOVA de duas vias com teste Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc. P-valores <0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados O óleo de copaíba reduziu a resistência vascular pulmonar e a hipertrofia do ventrículo direito (VD) hipertrofia (Índice de Fulton (mg/mg)): MCT-O= 0,39±0,03; MCT= 0,49±0,01), e função sistólica melhorada (fração de encurtamento do VD, %) no grupo MCT-O (17,8±8,2) em comparação com o grupo de MCT (9,4±3,1; p<0,05). Além disso, no grupo MCT-O, espécies reativas do oxigênio e os níveis de carbonila foram reduzidos, e os parâmetros antioxidantes aumentaram no sangue periférico (p <0,05). Conclusões Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o óleo de copaíba tem um efeito antioxidante sistêmico interessante, que se reflete na melhoria da função e na morfometria do VD nesse modelo de Cor pulmonale . A atenuação do Cor pulmonale promovida pelo óleo de copaíba coincidiu com uma redução no stress oxidativo sistêmico.


Abstract Background To date, copaiba oil's systemic effects have never documented in Cor pulmonale induced by monocrotaline. Objectives To investigate copaiba oil's effects in peripheral markers of oxidative stress in rats with Cor pulmonale. Methods Male Wistar rats (170±20g, n=7/group) were divided into four groups: control (CO), monocrotaline (MCT), copaiba oil (O), and monocrotaline+copaiba oil (MCT-O). MCT (60 mg/kg i.p.) was administered, and after one week, treatment with copaiba oil (400 mg/kg/day-gavage-14 days) was begun. Echocardiography was performed and, later, trunk blood collection was performed for oxidative stress evaluations. Statistical analysis: two-way ANOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls post-hoc test. P values<0.05 were considered significant. Results Copaiba oil reduced pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy (Fulton index (mg/mg): MCT-O=0.39±0.03; MCT=0.49±0.01), and improved RV systolic function (RV shortening fraction, %) in the MCT-O group (17.8±8.2) as compared to the MCT group (9.4±3.1; p<0.05). Moreover, in the MCT-O group, reactive oxygen species and carbonyl levels were reduced, and antioxidant parameters were increased in the peripheral blood (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that copaiba oil has an interesting systemic antioxidant effect, which is reflected in the improvements in function and RV morphometry in this Cor pulmonale model. Cor pulmonale attenuation promoted by copaiba oil coincided with a reduction in systemic oxidative stress.

4.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(11): 842-851, Nov. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1155027

ABSTRACT

Bovine Digital Dermatitis (BDD) was studied in crossbred dairy cows grazing in Rondon do Pará, in the state of Pará, as well as in Açailândia and Cidelândia, in the state of Maranhão, Brazilian Amazon biome. The digits inspection from the dairy cows during milking was performed in ten farms comprising four visits (August and November 2016; April and July 2017). The cows were kept all year in pastures, and were mechanically milked on concrete floors and the animals were protected against the rains in eight farms, maintaining a daily cleaning, however, it could not be found a concrete floor in pre- or post-milking to ensure milking parlor on three farms. Manual milking on no concrete floors was performed in two farms. No preventive measures against hoof lesions were adopted. The BDD prevalence was 1.3% (22/1664), and no statistical difference among rainy or no rainy season was obtained (p = 0.72). The BDD lesions were classified according to "M system" (M0 = no lesion, M1 = active ulceration <2cm, M2 = active ulceration >2cm, M3 = healing stage, M4 = chronic stage, M4.1 = M4 with active ulceration). Regarding the 22 BDD lesions observed, 22.7% (5/22) were M1 stage, 36.4% (8/22) M2, 22.7% (5/22) M3, 13.6% (3/22) M4 and 4.5 (1/22) M4.1. Hypertrophic hairs at the edges of the lesions caused by fly larvae of genus Cochliomyia spp. as well as alterations on the hoof were also observed. Topical treatment was performed in six BDD lesions with a raw extract from trees of the genus Copaifera reticulata (Copaiba oil) and compared with the treatment of salicylic acid paste in five BDD lesions. The lesions were protected with a bandage for seven days and followed weekly until recovery. The complete therapeutic responses were 83.4% (5/6) and 75% (3/4), respectively, with an average time of seven weeks. The BDD in the Amazon biome occurs in low prevalence, not seasonal, and presents macro and microscopic features similar to BDD lesions from dairy cattle kept in free-stall housing. The treatment with copaiba oil showed similar results to the treatment of salicylic acid paste and can be used in control measures to BDD in the Amazon biome.(AU)


A dermatite digital bovina (DDB) foi estudada em vacas mestiças leiteiras nos municípios de Rondon do Pará no Pará, Açailândia e Cidelândia no Maranhão, bioma amazônico brasileiro. Para tanto, foram realizadas quatro visitas a 10 propriedades, nos meses de agosto e novembro em 2016 e abril e julho em 2017, e realizada a inspeção dos dígitos de 1.664 vacas em lactação durante a ordenha. Nestas propriedades as vacas eram criadas a pasto durante todo o ano e ordenhadas mecanicamente em oito propriedades. As quais, as salas de ordenha tinham piso concretado, com proteção contra as chuvas e era realizada a limpeza diariamente. No entanto, em três dessas propriedades, as salas de pré ou pós ordenha tinham piso não concretado e em duas, a ordenha era manual em piso de chão batido. Em todas elas não havia medidas profiláticas para afecções podais. A prevalência de DDB foi de 1,3% (22/1.664) e não se obteve diferença estatística entre os períodos chuvoso e não chuvoso (P = 0,72). As lesões observadas foram classificadas de acordo com o sistema M (M0-sem lesão; M1-lesão ulcerada <2cm; M2-lesão ulcerada >2cm; M3-lesão em cicatrização; M4-lesão crônica; M4.1- M4 com área ulcerada). De 22 lesões observadas, 22,7% (5/22) apresentavam-se em estágio M1, 36,4% (8/22) em M2, 22,7% (5/22) em M3, 13,6% (3/22) em M4 e 4,5% (1/22) em M4.1. Pelos hipertrofiados nos bordos das lesões, larvas de moscas do gênero Cochliomyia spp. e alterações no tecido córneo também foram observados. Nas lesões de 11 bovinos, em seis, foi realizado o tratamento tópico com extrato bruto de Copaifera reticulata (óleo de copaíba) e em cinco, com a pasta de ácido salicílico a 660mg/g e ambos os tratamentos foram protegidos com bandagem por sete dias. Após, as lesões foram acompanhadas semanalmente até a cura e obteve-se um índice de 83,4% (5/6) e 75% (3/4) de cura com esses tratamentos, respectivamente, com uma média de 7 semanas. Conclui-se que no bioma amazônico a DDB ocorre em baixa prevalência, não sazonal e com características macroscópicas semelhantes às lesões de vacas leiteiras criadas em sistema free stall. O tratamento com o óleo da copaíba apresentou resultados semelhante ao ácido salicílico e pode ser uma alternativa como medida de controle da DDB no bioma amazônico.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Digital Dermatitis/therapy , Fabaceae , Pasture , Salicylic Acid/therapeutic use
5.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 25: e149318, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1002501

ABSTRACT

Accidents caused by spiders of the genus Loxosceles constitute an important public health problem in Brazil. The venom of Loxosceles sp induces dermonecrosis at the bite site and systemic disease in severe cases. Traditional medicine based on plant-derived products has been proven to reduce the local effects of envenomation. The present study verified the healing effects of copaiba oil on lesions induced by the venom of L. intermedia. Methods: Cutaneous lesions were induced on the backs of rabbits by intradermal injection of L. intermedia venom. Copaiba oil was applied topically 6 hours after injection; the treatment was repeated for 30 days, after which animal skins were removed and processed for histopathological analysis. Blood samples were also collected before and 24 hours after venom inoculation to measure the hematological parameters. Results: Compared to the control group, the platelet count was reduced significantly in all groups inoculated with venom, accompanied by a decreased number of heterophils in the blood. The minimum necrotic dose (MND) was defined as 2.4 μg/kg. Topical treatment with copaiba oil demonstrated a differentiated healing profile: large skin lesions were observed 10 days after venom inoculation, whereas formation of a thick crust, without scarring was observed 30 days after venom inoculation. Histopathological analysis showed no significant difference after treatment. Nevertheless, the copaiba oil treatment induced a collagen distribution similar to control skin, in marked contrast to the group that received only the spider venom injection. Conclusions: We conclude that copaiba oil may interfere in the healing process and thus propose it as a possible topical treatment for cutaneous lesions induced by L. intermedia venom.(AU)


Subject(s)
Spider Venoms , Spiders , Fabaceae/adverse effects , Poisoning , Bites and Stings
6.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 28(6): 724-731, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-977744

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome that reaches more than 382 million people worldwide. It interferes with the metabolism of carbohydrates, causing chronic hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Copaifera duckei, Dwyer, Fabaceae, oleoresin on streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. This study was based on the induction of diabetes mellitus by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) in Wistar rats and treated with doses of C. duckei oleoresin (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.). Subsequently, the clinical, biochemical and histopathological of the pancreas parameters were evaluated. Gas chromatographic analysis indicated that β-bisabolene (22.29%), β-caryophyllene (21.25%) and α-farnesene (15.58%) sesquiterpenes were the major components of the C. duckei oleoresin. In streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, it was possible to observe that the C. duckei oleoresin treatment had a significant effect (p < 0.001) on the clinical parameters, and that there was a positive improvement. This was attenuated by the urea, creatinine, and transaminases alterations (p < 0.001) observed in animals with diabetes mellitus, as well as the significantly reduced (p < 0.001) values of total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, and glucose. In the histopathological analyses of the pancreas, it was observed that the C. duckei oleoresin was able to restore β-cells and to significantly increase the quantity and diameter of the Langerhans islets (p < 0.05), when compared to the diabetic group. The treatment with C. duckei oleoresin, employed under the conditions of this study, presented antidiabetic activity and can improve the complications found in this syndrome.

7.
J. Health NPEPS ; 3(2): 527-539, Julho-Dezembro. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-981433

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: comparar laboratorialmente a atividade antimicrobiana de amostras do óleoresina de copaíba (Copaifera sp.) natural e comercial sobre as bactérias Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 e Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo ao qual utilizou-se a técnica de cilindro em placa além da determinação da concentração inibitória mínima do óleo em ágar Mueller-Hinton. Para o controle positivo foi utilizado solução de Hidróxido de Sódio e para o controle negativo, solução fisiológica de Cloreto de Sódio. Resultados: o óleo de copaíba natural e comercial apresentou potencial de inibição do crescimento bacteriano satisfatório sobre as cepas Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, sendo a bactéria Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 resistente ao óleo na concentração de 150µL da solução. A atividade antimicrobiana variou de acordo com os óleos e os patógenos estudados; nas concentrações de 100% até 3,1% houve inibição da cepa Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 e de 100% a 25% da cepa Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, em ambos os óleos de copaíba. Conclusão: o óleo de copaíba natural e comercial possuem diferenças mínimas no potencial de inibição para os específicos patógenos. No entanto, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 foi mais sensível que Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, tanto no óleo-resina natural quanto comercial.(AU)


Objective: to compare the antimicrobial activity of natural and commercial copaíba (Copaifera sp.) oil-resin samples on the bacterias Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Method: this is a descriptive cross-sectional study analysis to which the plate cylinder technique was used in addition to the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the oil in Mueller-Hinton agar. For the positive control it was used a sodium hydroxide solution and for the negative control, a physiological sodium chloride solution. Results: commercial and natural copaiba oil showed satisfactory bacterial growth inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus strains ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, with the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 being resistant to oil in the concentration of 150 µL of the solution. The antimicrobial activity varied according to the oils and pathogens studied; at concentrations of 100% to 3.1% there was inhibition of the Escherichia coli strain ATCC 25922 and 100% to 25% of Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 25923 in both copaiba oils. Conclusion: natural and commercial copaiba oil have minimal differences in the potential for inhibition of specific pathogens. However, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was more sensitive than Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, both in the natural and commercial oil-resin.(AU)


Objetivo: comparar la actividad antimicrobiana del aceite de Copaíba natural y comercial (Copaifera sp.) en muestras de Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 y Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Método: estudio transversal, descriptivo, que se usó la técnica de cilindro en la determinación de la placa y también la concentración mínima de aceite en Mueller-Hinton. Para control positivo, usó la solución de hidróxido de sodio y lo control negativo, solución fisiológica de clorhidrato de sodio. Resultados: el aceite de copaíba, natural y comercial, tiene el potencial de inhibir el crecimiento bacteriano en las cepas Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 y Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, que es resistente a la Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 resistente al aceite a una concentración de 150 µl de solución. La actividad antimicrobiana varió de acuerdo con las concentraciones del aceite y patógenos estudiados; En las concentraciones de 100% a 3.1% hubo inibición da cepa Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 e del 100% al 25% de la cepa Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, en ambos aceites de copaiba. Conclusión: el aceite de copaíba, natural y comercial, tiene mínimas diferencias em su potencial de inhibición para patógenos específicos. Sin embargo, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 es más sensible que el Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, no tanto como la resina de aceite natural comercial.(AU)


Subject(s)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Fabaceae/microbiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
8.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 24(3): 355-362, May-Jun/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-719447

ABSTRACT

Copaiba oil, extracted from Copaifera multijuga Hayne, Fabaceae, is widely used for medicinal purposes, especially to treat inflammatory processes. However, there is no report regarding its effect on reproductive performance after used in repeated doses orally. The present study evaluated the effects of the oral administration of Copaiba oil (at doses of 200, 500 or 2500 mg/kg) or water (control) for eight weeks in male Wistar rats. Treated males mated untreated females, and parameters as fertility rates, absolute and relative mass of accessory sexual organs and histology and development of the offspring were evaluated. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of 22 components accounting for 99.11% of the Copaiba oil. The main compounds identified were sesquisterpenes. The reproductive toxicology results indicate that there was no difference between the treated groups compared with the control group in any of the parameters, suggesting that the oral treatment with C. multijuga oil for eight weeks does not affect reproductive performance of male Wistar rats.

9.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 33(7): 909-913, jul. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-683233

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the oleoresin Copaifera reticulata Ducke against Staphylococcus coagulase positive (SCP) isolated from otitis externa in dogs. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the oleoresin were determined by broth microdilution method. In addition, we verified the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates of SCP by agar diffusion method. Eight classes of antimicrobial were used to calculate the multidrug resistance. The chemical composition of the oleoresin was performed by gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and β-caryophyllene, β-bisabolene, and (E)-α-bergamotene were the main compounds found. The copaiba oleoresin showed a MIC90 of 0.164mg/mL and a CBM90 of 1.3mg/mL. The multidrug resistance was found in 27% of the strains tested. The results suggest that copaiba oleoresin has bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity even in multidrug-resistant coagulase-positive strains.


O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar o potencial antimicrobiano do oleorresina de Copaifera reticulata Ducke em isolados de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP) provenientes de casos de otite externa em cães. O método de microdiluição em caldo foi utilizado para determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) de oleorresina de copaíba. Em adição, foi determinado o perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos dos isolados de SCP pelo método de difusão em ágar. Oito classes de antimicrobianos foram usadas para o cálculo de multirresistência antimicrobiana. A determinação da composição química do oleorresina de copaíba foi realizada por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC/MS), sendo que β-cariofileno, β-bisaboleno e (E)-α-bergamoteno foram os compostos majoritários. O oleorresina de copaíba demonstrou CIM90 de 0,164mg/mL e CBM90 de 1,31mg/mL. A multirresistência foi verificada em 27% das cepas testadas. Os resultados sugerem que o oleorresina de copaíba exerceu atividade bacteriostática e bactericida mesmo em cepas multirresistentes de Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs/microbiology , Otitis/microbiology , Otitis/veterinary , Staphylococcus/immunology , Products with Antimicrobial Action
10.
São Paulo; s.n; 2013. 92 p. ilus, tab. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-715009

ABSTRACT

O hidróxido de cálcio (HCa), o agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA) e o óleo-resina de copaíba (COP) isoladamente apresentam características biológicas do material de capeamento pulpar direto mais apropriado. Com o pressuposto que associados poderiam originar materiais mais apropriados para serem aplicados em capeamento pulpar direto, este estudo objetivou analisar in vitro proliferação, diferenciação e migração de células-tronco de polpa de dente decíduo humano esfoliado (SHEDs) em resposta a substâncias liberadas pelo COP isolado ou associado ao HCa ou ao MTA. Proliferação, diferenciação e migração de SHEDs (Linhagem PDH3) foram analisadas através do ensaio de redução do MTT; da atividade de fosfatase alcalina (ALP), formação de nódulos mineralizados pelo ensaio de Vermelho de Alizarina e expressão dos genes (BGLAP, DSPP, DMP1 e HSP-27) pelo qRT-PCR; e, do ensaio do Scratch, respectivamente. As células foram submetidas à ação de meios condicionados pelos biomateriais, de acordo com os seguintes grupos experimentais: COP isolado (COP); HCa isolado (HCa); HCa associado ao COP (HCa+COP); MTA isolado (MTA) e MTA associado ao COP (MTA+COP). Células crescidas em meio de cultura fresco serviram de controle. Os dados foram comparados utilizando ANOVA complementado pelo teste de Tukey (p 0,05). O grupo HCa apresentou número de células viáveis significativamente menor que o dos demais grupos, inclusive o do grupo HCa+COP (p<0,01) em todos os tempos experimentais...


The calcium hydroxide (CaH), the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and the oil-resin copaiba (COP) by themselves have biological characteristics of the ideal direct pulp capping material. With the assumption that when associated they could originate materials more appropriated for direct pulp capping, this study aimed to analyze the in vitro proliferation, differentiation and migration of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) in response to substances leached from COP alone or associated with CaH or MTA. Proliferation, differentiation and migration of SHEDs (PDH3 lineage) were analyzed through the MTT reduction assay; alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralized nodules formation using the Alizarin Red assay and gene expression (BGLAP, DSPP, DMP1 e HSP-27) using qRT-PCR; and the Scratch assay, respectively. The cells were submitted to the culture medium conditioned by the biomaterials according to the following experimental groups: COP alone (COP); CaH alone (CaH); CaH associated to COP (CaH+COP); MTA alone (MTA) and MTA associated to COP (MTA+COP). Cells grown in fresh culture medium served as control. Data were compared by ANOVA complemented by the Tukey´s test (p 0.05). The CaH group presented number of viable cells significantly smaller (p<0.01) than those of all other experimental groups, including the CaH+COP, during whole experimental time. The ALP activity in 14 days was similar in all experimental groups. In 21 days, the COP group presented the amount of mineralization higher (p<0.01) than those of all other groups. The gene DMP1 was not expressed by the cells in all experimental groups. The COP group presented the smallest expression (p<0.01) of BGLAP, DSPP and HSP-27 genes. The SHEDs of the MTA+COP group presented superexpression of the BGLAP, DSPP and HSP-27 genes, and in the CaH+COP group the cells superexpressed the BGLAP and HSP-27 genes...


Subject(s)
Biocompatible Materials , Stem Cells/metabolism , Dental Pulp Capping
11.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 46(2): 363-370, Apr.-June 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-564904

ABSTRACT

The capacity of copaíba oil to act as a skin penetration enhancer for the depigmenting agent kojic acid was evaluated using an in vitro diffusion system with static flux and shed rattlesnake skin membrane, Crotalus durissus terrificus, in saline solution at 34±2 ºC as the fluid receptor. The quantities of kojic acid liberated into the fluid receptor were determined by spectrophotometry at 268 nm with intervals of one and a half hours. The membranes, pretreated with copaíba oil at 25 percent and 50 percent v/v, gave flux values of 8.0 and 12.7 µg/cm²/h, permeability values of 2.0 and 3.3 cm×10-4/h, and promotion factors of 4.1 and 3.7, respectively. These results indicate that copaíba oil, at the two concentrations studied, has the capacity to promote penetration of kojic acid.


A propriedade do óleo de copaíba como agente promotor de penetração cutânea do despigmentante ácido kójico foi avaliada utilizando-se sistema de difusão in vitro com fluxo estático, membrana de pele da serpente cascavel - Crotalus durissus terrificus e solução salina a 34±2 ºC como fluido receptor. As quantidades liberadas do ácido kójico no fluido receptor foram determinadas por espectrofotometria em 268 nm em intervalos de 1:30 h. As membranas pré-tratadas com óleo de copaíba a 25 e 50 por cento v/v apresentaram valores de fluxo de 8,0 e 12,7 µg/cm²/h, permeabilidade de 2,0 e 3,3 cm×10-4/h, e fatores de promoção de 4,1 e 3,7, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o óleo de copaíba, nas duas concentrações estudadas, apresentou capacidade de promoção da penetração do ácido kójico.


Subject(s)
Aspergillus , /analysis , Drug Synergism , Fabaceae , Plant Oils/pharmacokinetics , Penicillium , Dermatologic Agents , Skin Absorption , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
12.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 19(2b): 577-581, abr.-jun. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-531840

ABSTRACT

A pesquisa de plantas com fins medicinais tem grande importância para a comunidade médica, uma destas é o óleo-resina extraído da copaíba, Copaifera multijuga Hayne, o qual é natural da região Amazônica onde é encontrado uma grande diversidade dessa espécies. Seu uso medicinal, tão difundido o torna o fitofármaco mais usado e conhecido pelas populações mais pobres da região Norte do Brasil, sendo utilizado como diurético, laxativo, antitetânico, antiblenorrágico, anti-reumático, anti-séptico do aparelho urinário, antiinflamatório, antitussígeno, cicatrizante e remédio para o combate ao câncer. O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados da avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana deste óleo, onde foi avaliado pela a técnica de difusão em ágar em meio Muller-Hinton. As cepas avaliadas foram: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. As placas forma incubadas em estufas por 24 h em temperatura de 35 ºC. Como padrões foram utilizados os antibióticos amoxicilina (AMO-10 mg/disco), cloranfenicol (CLO-30 mg/disco) e tetraciclina (TET-30 mg/disco). Os resultados mostraram que o óleo de copaíba possui capacidade de inibir o crescimento das três bactérias avaliadas, apresentando com isso uma concentração inibitória mínima de 1,56, 3,12 e 12,5 por cento para E. coli, S. aureus e P. aeruginosa, respectivamente.


The research of plants with medicinal purposes has great importance for the medical community, one of these is the oil-resin extracted of copaíba, Copaifera multijuga Hayne, which is natural of the Amazon region where a great diversity of this species is found. Its medicinal use, the way it is widely spread out, becomes it the phytopharmacs most used and known by the poor populations at the North region of Brazil, being used as diuretic, laxative, antitetanic, antiblenorragic, anti-rheumatic, anti-septic for urinary system, anti-inflammatory, anti-cough, cicatrizing and medicine for the combat to the cancer. The present work shows the evaluation results of this oil antimicrobial activity by the technique of diffusion in agar in Muller-Hinton ambience. The evaluated strains were: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, 25923 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. The plates were incubated in hot houses for 24 h under temperature of 35 ºC. Amoxicillin antibiotics (AMO-10 mg/disco), cloranfenicol (CLO-30 mg/disco) and tetracycline used (TET-30 mg/disco) as being standard. The results showed that the oil has the capacity to inhibit the growth of three evaluated bacteria, presenting a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1,56, 3,12 and 12.5 percent for E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively.

13.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 19(1a): 57-60, Jan.-Mar. 2009. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-522422

ABSTRACT

The refractive indices (RI) of the eight samples of copaiba oils, collected for this study at RDS Tupé ranged from 1.50284 to 1.50786. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates of these oils revealed with anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent showed dark lilac stains with several small stains at low Rf and a large rounded stain at high Rf. On the other hand, the twelve copaiba oils purchased at local markets presented RI between 1.48176 and 1.50886, and the TLC plates, showed as general profile blue stains, with smaller superimposed stains at low Rf, bigger superimposed stains like elongated stain at high Rf and a colorless rounded stain at middle Rf. Among 12 purchased oils at local markets, a) three oil-resins presented similar RI and TLC profile to those observed for collected copaiba oils; b) six oils showed same RI and TLC profiles to those observed for soybean oil; c) three samples presented RI near to those showed by copaiba oil-resin, however the TLC profile was near to profile observed for a prepared mixture soybean oil: copaiba oil, two samples with 3:1 proportion and one sample with 1:3 proportion. Therefore, the RI determination and the TLC profiles could be considered rapid and efficient procedures for detection of vegetal oil in the copaiba oil-resins.


Os índices de refração (IR) de oito amostras de óleo resina de copaíba coletadas para este estudo na RDS Tupé variaram de 1,50284 a 1,50786. As placas de cromatografia de camada delgada (CCD) dos óleo-resinas, reveladas com o reagente anisaldeído-ácido sulfúrico, apresentaram um perfil cromatográfico característico, com manchas em lilás escura com várias manchas menores na parte do Rf baixo e uma grande mancha arredondada, no Rf alto. Por outro lado, as doze amostras de óleo de copaíba adquiridas no mercado local apresentaram IR entre 1,48176 a 1,50886, e, as placas de CCD apresentaram como perfil característico geral manchas de cor azul, com manchas superpostas menores no Rf baixo, manchas superpostas maiores com aparência alongada no Rf alto e uma mancha arredondada incolor no Rf intermediário. Dentre os doze óleos adquiridos do mercado, a) três óleo-resinas apresentaram IR e perfil CCD semelhantes aos de amostras de óleo de copaíbas coletadas; b) seis óleos apresentaram o mesmo IR e perfil em CCD do óleo de soja; e, c) três amostras apresentaram IR semelhantes aos da amostra do Tupé, porém com o perfil cromatográfico semelhante à uma mistura de óleo de soja: óleo de copaíba, sendo duas na proporção de 3:1 e uma na proporção de 1:3. Portanto, a determinação do IR e a análise do perfil em CCD podem ser considerados ensaios rápidos e eficientes para a detecção de óleos vegetais em óleo-resina de copaíba.

14.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 18(supl): 733-738, Dec. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-509453

ABSTRACT

Um dos materiais utilizados para a adequação do meio bucal no serviço público é o cimento produzido a partir de óxido de zinco e eugenol. Entretanto, o eugenol é uma substância citotóxica que pode desencadear alguns efeitos adversos. Por essa razão, procura-se substituir o eugenol por uma substância que apresente baixa toxicidade, mantendo ou mesmo melhorando as propriedades do cimento. O óleo-resina de copaíba é um produto natural, utilizado pelas populações amazônicas e reconhecido por suas propriedades medicinais. Baseando-se nas propriedades desse óleo-resina, na ação antimicrobiana comprovada do hidróxido de cálcio e na ação anti-séptica do óxido de zinco, propôs-se formular um cimento odontológico obtido da associação do ZnO, Ca(OH)2 e óleo-resina de Copaifera multijuga Hayne e avaliar sua atividade antibacteriana através do teste de diluição em meio líquido frente às cepas padrão de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) e S. sanguinis (ATCC 15300). Nesse ensaio, utilizaram-se os seguintes grupos experimentais: o cimento contendo ZnO, Ca(OH)2 e óleo-resina de copaíba (G1) e cada um dos constituintes isoladamente, ZnO (G2), Ca(OH)2 (G3) e óleo-resina de copaíba (G4). Todos os grupos analisados demonstraram atividade antibacteriana, o G4 apresentou os melhores resultados e o G1 mostrou-se um cimento promissor a ser utilizado em odontologia.


One of the materials utilized for suitability of the oral means in the public service is the cement produced from zinc oxide and eugenol. However, eugenol is a cytotoxic substance that can trigger some adverse effects. For this reason, it is desired to replace eugenol for another substance that presents low toxicity, keeping or even improving the cement properties. The copaiba oil-resin is a natural product, utilized by the Amazonian population and recognized for its medicinal properties. Based on the properties of this oil-resin, on the proven antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide and on the anti-septic action of zinc oxide, it was proposed to formulate a dental cement obtained through the association of ZnO, Ca(OH)2 and Copaifera multijuga Hayne oil-resin and assess its antibacterial activity through the test of dilution in aqueous medium against the standard of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and S. sanguinis (ATCC 15300). In this assay, the following experimental groups were utilized: the cement containing ZnO, Ca(OH)2 and copaiba oil-resin (G1) and each one of the constituents individually, ZnO (G2), Ca(OH)2 (G3) and copaiba oil-resin (G4). All the analyzed groups showed antibacterial activity, G4 showed the best results and G1 showed itself to be a promising cement for application in dentristy.

15.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 103(3): 277-281, May 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-485220

ABSTRACT

The antimicrobial activity of copaiba oils was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and dermatophytes. Oils obtained from Copaifera martii, Copaifera officinalis, and Copaifera reticulata (collected in the state of Acre) were active against Gram-positive species (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis) with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 31.3-62.5 µg/ml. The oils showed bactericidal activity, decreasing the viability of these Gram-positive bacteria within 3 h. Moderate activity was observed against dermatophyte fungi (Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis). The oils showed no activity against Gram-negative bacteria and yeast. Scannning electron microscopy of S. aureus treated with resin oil from C. martii revealed lysis of the bacteria, causing cellular agglomerates. Transmission electron microscopy revealed disruption and damage to the cell wall, resulting in the release of cytoplasmic compounds, alterations in morphology, and a decrease in cell volume, indicating that copaiba oil may affect the cell wall.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Arthrodermataceae/drug effects , Balsams/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Arthrodermataceae/ultrastructure , Brazil , Balsams/isolation & purification , Fabaceae/chemistry , Fabaceae/classification , Gram-Negative Bacteria/ultrastructure , Gram-Positive Bacteria/ultrastructure , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
16.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 16(2): 230-235, abr.-jun. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-570985

ABSTRACT

A óleo-resina de copaíba pode ser extraída de forma sustentável do tronco de várias espécies de Copaifera. Ela contém principalmente ácidos resinosos e substâncias voláteis, tendo ampla utilização medicinal. A padronização cromatográfica do óleo é a garantia da identidade desta matéria-prima complexa. Neste trabalho analisaram-se por CG três amostras de óleos de copaíba obtidas de Colombo/PR e doze amostras adquiridas no Estado do Amazonas. O óleo de copaiba foi fracionado por cromatografia em sílica gel impregnada com KOH e metilado e as frações obtidas foram avaliadas por CG. Numa segunda etapa, os óleos brutos metilados por meio de diazometano ou transesterificados com KOH/MeOH foram injetados diretamente em CG. Foram utilizados para comparação os ácidos diterpênicos hardwíckiico, copaiferólico e caurenóico além do sesquiterpeno 14-hidroxi-b-cariofileno (cariofilenol). A presença do ácido copaiferólico foi observada em 100 por cento e cariofilenol em 80 por cento das amostras. Os ácidos caurenóico e hardwíckiico ausentes nas amostras do Paraná, foram detectados em 8,3 por cento e 41,7 por cento respectivamente nas amostras do Amazonas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que podem ser analisados diretamente através de CG após metilação com diazometano, sem necessidade de fracionamento prévio. Adicionalmente, a determinação do índice de acidez para óleos de copaíba não demonstrou resultados inequívocos para as amostras analisadas.


Copaiba oil can be extracted from the trunk of some Copaifera species and contains mainly resinous acids and volatile substances, which have wide medicinal use. The chromatographic standardization of the oil characteristics is the guarantee of the identity of raw material. In this work, three copaiba oil samples from Colombo/PR, and twelve from Amazonas State were analyzed. The copaiba oil was fractionated in silica gel impregnated with KOH, esterified and the fractions were evaluated by TLC and GC. In a second stage, the crude oil was esterified with diazomethane or transesterified with KOH/MeOH and injected in GC. The diterpene acids used for comparison were hardwickiic, copaiferolic and caurenoic and the 14-hydroxy-b-caryophyllene (caryophyllenol). The presence of copaiferolic acid was observed in all analyzed samples and caryophyllenol in 80 percent of the samples. Hardwickiic and caurenoic acids were absent in the samples from Paraná State, and respectively detected in 8.3 percent and 41.7 percent, of the samples from Amazonas. The obtained results indicate that the oil can be directly analyzed through GC after methylation with diazomethane, without previous fractionation. Also, an acidity index method proposed for copaiba oil analysis did not show to be reliable for the analyzed samples.

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